HARD SHOULDER - Αγγλικά-Ιταλικά μετάφραση

στο Ιταλικό λεξικό Oxford-Paravia

hard shoulder [βρετ] ΟΥΣ βρετ

hard shoulder

corsia θηλ d'emergenza

στο Ιταλικό λεξικό Oxford-Paravia

corsia di emergenza

hard shoulder βρετ

στο Ιταλικό λεξικό Oxford-Paravia

I. shoulder [βρετ ˈʃəʊldə, αμερικ ˈʃoʊldər] ΟΥΣ

1. shoulder:

shoulder

spalla θηλ

on or over one's shoulder

sulla spalla, in spalla

on or over one's shoulders

sulle spalle

this jacket is too tight across the shoulders

questa giacca è troppo stretta di spalle

to put one's shoulders back

tirare indietro le spalle

to straighten one's shoulders

raddrizzare or tirare su le spalle

to look over sb's shoulder

guardare da dietro le spalle di qn

to cry on sb's shoulder

piangere sulla spalla di qn

I am always there if you need a shoulder to cry on

se hai bisogno di una spalla su cui piangere, sai che io sono qui

his shoulders shook with laughter, sobs

era scosso dalle risate, dai singhiozzi

to have round shoulders

avere le spalle curve

to look (back) over one's shoulder

guardarsi alle spalle also μτφ

the burden, responsibility is or falls on my shoulders

il peso, la responsabilità cade sulle mie spalle

to stand shoulder to shoulder two people:

stare fianco a fianco

to work shoulder to shoulder

lavorare spalla a spalla

2. shoulder (on mountain):

shoulder

spalla θηλ

3. shoulder ΜΌΔΑ:

shoulder

spalla θηλ

4. shoulder (on road):

shoulder

bordo αρσ

5. shoulder ΜΑΓΕΙΡ:

shoulder

spalla θηλ

II. -shouldered ΣΎΝΘ

to be round-shouldered

avere le spalle curve

to be narrow, square-shouldered

avere le spalle strette, quadrate

III. shoulder [βρετ ˈʃəʊldə, αμερικ ˈʃoʊldər] ΡΉΜΑ μεταβ

1. shoulder bag, implement:

shoulder

mettere [qc] in spalla

to shoulder one's gun

mettersi il fucile in spalla

to shoulder arms ΣΤΡΑΤ

eseguire lo spallarm

shoulder arms! ΣΤΡΑΤ

spallarm!

2. shoulder μτφ:

shoulder burden, task

caricarsi di

shoulder responsibility, expense

addossarsi, sobbarcarsi

3. shoulder (push):

to shoulder one's way through crowd

farsi largo a spallate tra

to shoulder sb aside

spostare qn con una spallata

IV. shoulder [βρετ ˈʃəʊldə, αμερικ ˈʃoʊldər]

to be or stand head and shoulders above sb

sorpassare qn di una buona testa

to be or stand head and shoulders above sb μτφ

lasciare indietro qn

to have a good head on one's shoulders

avere la testa sulle spalle

to have an old head on young shoulders

essere più maturo della propria età

to put one's shoulder to the wheel

mettersi all'opera

to rub shoulders with sb

frequentare qn

straight from the shoulder οικ comment, criticism:

sincero

to give it to sb straight from the shoulder οικ

dirla a qn senza peli sulla lingua

I. hard [βρετ hɑːd, αμερικ hɑrd] ΕΠΊΘ

1. hard:

hard consistency, object, surface, snow, bed, pencil lead

duro

hard bread

duro, raffermo

hard ground, muscle

duro, sodo

hard skin

indurito, incallito

hard butter

solido

hard wax

solidificato

hard mud

secco, indurito

hard paint, glue

indurito, asciutto

to go or grow or become hard

indurirsi

to set hard concrete, plaster etc.:

indurirsi, solidificarsi

a hard frost

una forte gelata

frozen hard

completamente ghiacciato

2. hard:

hard (difficult, complex) problem, question, puzzle, bargaining, negotiations

difficile, complesso

hard choice, decision

difficile, sofferto

hard (arduous, demanding) task

arduo, duro

hard study

impegnativo, gravoso

hard climb, training

duro, impegnativo, faticoso

hard fight

duro, accanito

I've had a hard day

ho avuto una giornata dura

a hard day's work, filming

una dura giornata di lavoro, di riprese

to be hard to open, cut, find, read

essere difficile da aprire, tagliare, trovare, leggere

it's a hard poem to translate

è una poesia difficile da tradurre

to be hard to please

essere difficile da accontentare or essere esigente

it's hard to do

è difficile da fare

it was hard not to laugh

era difficile trattenersi dal ridere

his choice was hard for me to understand

fu difficile per me comprendere la sua scelta

it is hard for sb to do sth

è difficile per qn fare qc

it was hard for us to understand his decision

fu difficile per noi comprendere la sua decisione

it's hard for old people to change their ways

è difficile per le persone anziane cambiare le proprie abitudini

to find it hard to do sth

avere molte difficoltà a fare qc

to find sth hard to do

trovare qc difficile da fare

it's hard to accept, believe

è difficile accettare, credere (that che)

I'm not afraid of hard work

il lavoro duro or la fatica non mi spaventa

it was hard work or going

è stata una sfacchinata

it's hard work doing sth

è una faticata fare qc

it was hard work persuading her to sell

è stata dura convincerla a vendere

I found the article rather hard going

ho trovato l'articolo un po' tosto

he made hard work of moving the table

ha fatto una gran fatica a spostare il tavolo

hard work never hurt, killed anybody!

lavorare sodo non ha mai fatto male a nessuno, non ha mai ammazzato nessuno!

it's too much like hard work

è troppo faticoso

to be a hard worker student, pupil:

essere uno sgobbone

to be a hard worker employee, manual worker:

essere un gran lavoratore or essere un lavoratore indefesso

to do things the hard way

complicarsi la vita

he got the job the hard way

si è sudato or si è guadagnato il suo posto

to find sth out or learn sth the hard way

imparare qc a proprie spese

3. hard (harsh, unpleasant):

hard life, childhood, year

difficile

hard blow, knock μτφ

duro, brutto

hard climate, winter

rigido

he has to learn to take the hard knocks

deve imparare a incassare i colpi duri

this is a hard world

viviamo in un mondo difficile

to be hard on sb person, court:

essere duro, severo con qn

don't be so hard on yourself!

non essere così duro con te stesso!

this tax is very hard on the unemployed

questa tassa grava molto sui disoccupati

this print is hard on the eyes

questo carattere è difficile da leggere or non si legge bene

hard luck or lines! βρετ (sympathetic) οικ

che sfortuna!

hard luck or lines or cheese! βρετ (unsympathetic) οικ

tanto peggio!

to take a hard line

seguire la linea dura (on sth in qc; with sb con qn)

it's a hard life! χιουμ, ειρων

dura la vita!

it's a hard life being a millionaire ειρων

è dura la vita del miliardario

these are hard times

questi sono tempi difficili

to fall on hard times

cadere in miseria or andare a finire male

he's having a hard time (of it)

sta attraversando un periodo difficile

to have a hard time (of it) doing sth

passare un brutto periodo facendo qc

to give sb a hard time οικ (make things difficult)

rendere la vita difficile a qn

to give sb a hard time (tell off)

dare una lavata di capo a qn

4. hard (stern, cold):

hard person

austero, severo

hard look

arcigno

hard voice, words

duro, aspro

their hearts are hard

hanno il cuore duro or di pietra

5. hard (forceful):

hard shove, push, knock

forte, violento

I gave the door a hard push

diedi una forte spinta alla porta

6. hard (concrete):

hard evidence, proof

concreto

hard facts

concreto, nudo e crudo

hard news

certo, ben documentato

the paper that brings you the hard news

il giornale che vi offre notizie fondate

the hard facts about sth

la verità nuda e cruda su qc

7. hard (stark):

hard outline

netto, nitido

hard colour, sound, light

forte, violento

8. hard (strong):

hard drink, liquor

forte

hard drug

pesante

hard pornography

hard, esplicito

to be a hard drinker

essere un forte bevitore

a drop of the hard stuff οικ

un goccio di qualcosa di forte

9. hard ΠΟΛΙΤ:

the hard left, right

l'estrema sinistra, destra

10. hard ΧΗΜ:

hard water

duro

11. hard ΓΛΩΣΣ:

hard consonant

duro

12. hard (tough) οικ:

hard person

duro

so you think you're hard, do you?

credi di essere un duro, vero?

II. hard [βρετ hɑːd, αμερικ hɑrd] ΕΠΊΡΡ

1. hard (strongly, energetically):

hard push, pull, punch

forte, energicamente

hard laugh, cry

forte

hard work

duro, duramente, sodo

hard study

molto, con impegno, sodo

hard rain

forte, a dirotto

hard snow

fitto

hard think, look

intensamente

hard listen

attentamente

to hit sb, sth hard

colpire forte qn, qn

to hit sb, sth hard μτφ

colpire qn, qc duramente

to be hard hit μτφ

essere duramente colpito (by da)

think hard!

pensaci bene or rifletti attentamente!

to try hard (intellectually)

fare tutti gli sforzi possibili

to try hard (physically)

sforzarsi

as hard as one can run, push, pull, work

a più non posso

as hard as one can try

il più possibile

no matter how hard I try, work, I…

per quanto ci provi, lavori, io…

to be hard at it οικ, at work

darci dentro or lavorare sodo

she works or drives her students very hard

fa lavorare moltissimo i suoi studenti

to take sth (very) hard

prendere (molto) male qc

2. hard (with directions):

turn hard left at the traffic lights

al semaforo giri tutto a sinistra

go hard astern ΝΑΥΣ

indietro tutta

hard a-port, a-starboard ΝΑΥΣ

tutta a sinistra, a dritta

3. hard (indicating proximity):

hard behind

subito or immediatamente dietro

hard by sth αρχαϊκ

vicinissimo a qc

hard (up)on sth

subito dopo qc or alle spalle di qc

III. hard [βρετ hɑːd, αμερικ hɑrd]

to be hard on sb's heels

essere alle calcagna di qn

to play hard to get

fare il prezioso or farsi desiderare

to be hard put to do

trovarsi in grande difficoltà a fare

to be, feel hard done by

essere, sentirsi trattato male

στο λεξικό PONS

I. shoulder [ˈʃoʊl·dɚ] ΟΥΣ

1. shoulder ΑΝΑΤ:

shoulder

spalla θηλ

shoulder to shoulder

fianco a fianco

to glance over one's shoulder

guardare al di sopra delle spalle di qu

to sling sth over one's shoulder

mettersi qc sulle spalle

to be sb's shoulder to cry on

offrire a qu una spalla su cui piangere

to lift a burden off one's shoulders μτφ

togliersi un peso

2. shoulder (piece of meat):

shoulder

spalla θηλ

3. shoulder (side of road):

shoulder

area θηλ di sosta

4. shoulder (shoulder-like part of sth):

shoulder

spalla θηλ

ιδιωτισμοί:

to rub shoulders with sb

frequentare qu

to stand shoulder to shoulder with sb

spalleggiare qu

II. shoulder [ˈʃoʊl·dɚ] ΡΉΜΑ μεταβ

1. shoulder:

shoulder

spingere

to shoulder one's way

farsi largo a spinte

to shoulder sb aside

spingere qu da una parte con una spallata

2. shoulder (place on one's shoulders):

shoulder

caricarsi in spalla

3. shoulder (accept):

shoulder responsibility

sobbarcarsi

shoulder ΟΥΣ (on road)

shoulder

corsia θηλ d'emergenza

I. hard [hɑ:rd] ΕΠΊΘ

1. hard (firm, rigid, hostile, unkind):

hard

duro, -a

hard rule

severo, -a

hard fate

crudele

hard times

tempi duri

to have a hard time

attraversare un brutto periodo

to give sb a hard time

rendere le cose difficili a qu

to have hard luck

avere sfortuna

a hard heart

un cuore di pietra

to be hard on sb/sth

essere duro con qu/qc

2. hard (intense, concentrated):

to take a (good) hard look at sth

guardare bene qc

a hard fight

una lotta accanita

to be a hard worker

lavorare sodo

3. hard (forceful):

hard

forte

4. hard (difficult, complex):

hard

difficile

to be hard work for sb to do sth

essere duro per qu fare qc

to be hard to please

essere difficile da accontentare

to get hard

diventare difficile

a hard bargain

un affare poco vantaggioso

to learn the hard way μτφ

imparare a proprie spese

5. hard (severe):

hard

severo, -a

6. hard (extremely cold):

hard

rigido, -a

7. hard (solid):

hard evidence

inconfutabile

8. hard fact:

hard

innegabile

hard and fast information

informazioni certe

9. hard (with alcohol):

hard cider/punch

sidro/punch forte

10. hard ΧΗΜ:

hard water

duro, -a

II. hard [hɑ:rd] ΕΠΊΡΡ

1. hard (forcefully):

hard

con forza

to hit sb hard

colpire qu con forza

to press/pull hard

premere/tirare forte

2. hard (rigid):

frozen hard

ghiacciato, -a

3. hard (energetically, vigorously):

to fight hard μτφ

lottare duramente

to study/work hard

studiare/lavorare sodo

to try hard to do sth

sforzarsi di fare qc

he was hard at it

era tutto impegnato

think hard

concentrati

to die hard μτφ

essere duro a morire

4. hard (intently):

hard

intensamente

to look hard at sth

osservare intensamente qc

5. hard (closely):

hard

vicino

to be hard up

essere al verde

6. hard (heavy):

hard

forte

it rained hard

ha piovuto forte

to take sth hard

prendere male qc

I would be hard pressed to choose one

sarebbe duro per me sceglierne uno

Present

I	shoulder
you	shoulder
he/she/it	shoulders
we	shoulder
you	shoulder
they	shoulder

Past

I	shouldered
you	shouldered
he/she/it	shouldered
we	shouldered
you	shouldered
they	shouldered

Present Perfect

I	have	shouldered
you	have	shouldered
he/she/it	has	shouldered
we	have	shouldered
you	have	shouldered
they	have	shouldered

Past Perfect

I	had	shouldered
you	had	shouldered
he/she/it	had	shouldered
we	had	shouldered
you	had	shouldered
they	had	shouldered

Μονόγλωσσα παραδείγματα (μη ελεγχόμενα από το λεξικογραφικό τμήμα)

Another technique is to treat the rightmost hard shoulder as a travel lane.

en.wikipedia.org

The section from junction 28 to 29 southbound has the possibility to open the hard shoulder as a third lane in heavy traffic.

en.wikipedia.org

They also stated that no accidents had been caused by hard shoulder use as a normal lane.

en.wikipedia.org

This consisted of widening of 3.5 kilometers of single carriageway to include a hard shoulder on both sides of the road.

en.wikipedia.org

On the officers' dinner dress white jacket, hard shoulder boards are worn.

en.wikipedia.org