HARD GRAFT - Αγγλικά-Ιταλικά μετάφραση

στο Ιταλικό λεξικό Oxford-Paravia

hard graft ΟΥΣ U οικ

hard graft

sgobbata θηλ

στο Ιταλικό λεξικό Oxford-Paravia

sgobbata

hard graft βρετ

στο Ιταλικό λεξικό Oxford-Paravia

I. graft¹ [βρετ ɡrɑːft, αμερικ ɡræft] ΟΥΣ

graft ΙΑΤΡ, ΒΟΤ

trapianto αρσ

graft ΙΑΤΡ, ΒΟΤ

innesto αρσ

skin, vein graft

innesto cutaneo, venoso

II. graft¹ [βρετ ɡrɑːft, αμερικ ɡræft] ΡΉΜΑ μεταβ

graft ΙΑΤΡ, ΒΟΤ

trapiantare, innestare (onto su)

graft² [βρετ ɡrɑːft, αμερικ ɡræft] ΟΥΣ οικ

graft (corruption)

corruzione θηλ

graft (bribe)

bustarella θηλ

I. graft³ [βρετ ɡrɑːft, αμερικ ɡræft] ΟΥΣ βρετ (work)

graft οικ

lavoro αρσ

II. graft³ [βρετ ɡrɑːft, αμερικ ɡræft] ΡΉΜΑ αμετάβ βρετ (work hard)

graft οικ

sgobbare

I. hard [βρετ hɑːd, αμερικ hɑrd] ΕΠΊΘ

1. hard:

hard consistency, object, surface, snow, bed, pencil lead

duro

hard bread

duro, raffermo

hard ground, muscle

duro, sodo

hard skin

indurito, incallito

hard butter

solido

hard wax

solidificato

hard mud

secco, indurito

hard paint, glue

indurito, asciutto

to go or grow or become hard

indurirsi

to set hard concrete, plaster etc.:

indurirsi, solidificarsi

a hard frost

una forte gelata

frozen hard

completamente ghiacciato

2. hard:

hard (difficult, complex) problem, question, puzzle, bargaining, negotiations

difficile, complesso

hard choice, decision

difficile, sofferto

hard (arduous, demanding) task

arduo, duro

hard study

impegnativo, gravoso

hard climb, training

duro, impegnativo, faticoso

hard fight

duro, accanito

I've had a hard day

ho avuto una giornata dura

a hard day's work, filming

una dura giornata di lavoro, di riprese

to be hard to open, cut, find, read

essere difficile da aprire, tagliare, trovare, leggere

it's a hard poem to translate

è una poesia difficile da tradurre

to be hard to please

essere difficile da accontentare or essere esigente

it's hard to do

è difficile da fare

it was hard not to laugh

era difficile trattenersi dal ridere

his choice was hard for me to understand

fu difficile per me comprendere la sua scelta

it is hard for sb to do sth

è difficile per qn fare qc

it was hard for us to understand his decision

fu difficile per noi comprendere la sua decisione

it's hard for old people to change their ways

è difficile per le persone anziane cambiare le proprie abitudini

to find it hard to do sth

avere molte difficoltà a fare qc

to find sth hard to do

trovare qc difficile da fare

it's hard to accept, believe

è difficile accettare, credere (that che)

I'm not afraid of hard work

il lavoro duro or la fatica non mi spaventa

it was hard work or going

è stata una sfacchinata

it's hard work doing sth

è una faticata fare qc

it was hard work persuading her to sell

è stata dura convincerla a vendere

I found the article rather hard going

ho trovato l'articolo un po' tosto

he made hard work of moving the table

ha fatto una gran fatica a spostare il tavolo

hard work never hurt, killed anybody!

lavorare sodo non ha mai fatto male a nessuno, non ha mai ammazzato nessuno!

it's too much like hard work

è troppo faticoso

to be a hard worker student, pupil:

essere uno sgobbone

to be a hard worker employee, manual worker:

essere un gran lavoratore or essere un lavoratore indefesso

to do things the hard way

complicarsi la vita

he got the job the hard way

si è sudato or si è guadagnato il suo posto

to find sth out or learn sth the hard way

imparare qc a proprie spese

3. hard (harsh, unpleasant):

hard life, childhood, year

difficile

hard blow, knock μτφ

duro, brutto

hard climate, winter

rigido

he has to learn to take the hard knocks

deve imparare a incassare i colpi duri

this is a hard world

viviamo in un mondo difficile

to be hard on sb person, court:

essere duro, severo con qn

don't be so hard on yourself!

non essere così duro con te stesso!

this tax is very hard on the unemployed

questa tassa grava molto sui disoccupati

this print is hard on the eyes

questo carattere è difficile da leggere or non si legge bene

hard luck or lines! βρετ (sympathetic) οικ

che sfortuna!

hard luck or lines or cheese! βρετ (unsympathetic) οικ

tanto peggio!

to take a hard line

seguire la linea dura (on sth in qc; with sb con qn)

it's a hard life! χιουμ, ειρων

dura la vita!

it's a hard life being a millionaire ειρων

è dura la vita del miliardario

these are hard times

questi sono tempi difficili

to fall on hard times

cadere in miseria or andare a finire male

he's having a hard time (of it)

sta attraversando un periodo difficile

to have a hard time (of it) doing sth

passare un brutto periodo facendo qc

to give sb a hard time οικ (make things difficult)

rendere la vita difficile a qn

to give sb a hard time (tell off)

dare una lavata di capo a qn

4. hard (stern, cold):

hard person

austero, severo

hard look

arcigno

hard voice, words

duro, aspro

their hearts are hard

hanno il cuore duro or di pietra

5. hard (forceful):

hard shove, push, knock

forte, violento

I gave the door a hard push

diedi una forte spinta alla porta

6. hard (concrete):

hard evidence, proof

concreto

hard facts

concreto, nudo e crudo

hard news

certo, ben documentato

the paper that brings you the hard news

il giornale che vi offre notizie fondate

the hard facts about sth

la verità nuda e cruda su qc

7. hard (stark):

hard outline

netto, nitido

hard colour, sound, light

forte, violento

8. hard (strong):

hard drink, liquor

forte

hard drug

pesante

hard pornography

hard, esplicito

to be a hard drinker

essere un forte bevitore

a drop of the hard stuff οικ

un goccio di qualcosa di forte

9. hard ΠΟΛΙΤ:

the hard left, right

l'estrema sinistra, destra

10. hard ΧΗΜ:

hard water

duro

11. hard ΓΛΩΣΣ:

hard consonant

duro

12. hard (tough) οικ:

hard person

duro

so you think you're hard, do you?

credi di essere un duro, vero?

II. hard [βρετ hɑːd, αμερικ hɑrd] ΕΠΊΡΡ

1. hard (strongly, energetically):

hard push, pull, punch

forte, energicamente

hard laugh, cry

forte

hard work

duro, duramente, sodo

hard study

molto, con impegno, sodo

hard rain

forte, a dirotto

hard snow

fitto

hard think, look

intensamente

hard listen

attentamente

to hit sb, sth hard

colpire forte qn, qn

to hit sb, sth hard μτφ

colpire qn, qc duramente

to be hard hit μτφ

essere duramente colpito (by da)

think hard!

pensaci bene or rifletti attentamente!

to try hard (intellectually)

fare tutti gli sforzi possibili

to try hard (physically)

sforzarsi

as hard as one can run, push, pull, work

a più non posso

as hard as one can try

il più possibile

no matter how hard I try, work, I…

per quanto ci provi, lavori, io…

to be hard at it οικ, at work

darci dentro or lavorare sodo

she works or drives her students very hard

fa lavorare moltissimo i suoi studenti

to take sth (very) hard

prendere (molto) male qc

2. hard (with directions):

turn hard left at the traffic lights

al semaforo giri tutto a sinistra

go hard astern ΝΑΥΣ

indietro tutta

hard a-port, a-starboard ΝΑΥΣ

tutta a sinistra, a dritta

3. hard (indicating proximity):

hard behind

subito or immediatamente dietro

hard by sth αρχαϊκ

vicinissimo a qc

hard (up)on sth

subito dopo qc or alle spalle di qc

III. hard [βρετ hɑːd, αμερικ hɑrd]

to be hard on sb's heels

essere alle calcagna di qn

to play hard to get

fare il prezioso or farsi desiderare

to be hard put to do

trovarsi in grande difficoltà a fare

to be, feel hard done by

essere, sentirsi trattato male

στο λεξικό PONS

I. graft [græft] ΟΥΣ

1. graft ΒΟΤ, ΓΕΩΡΓ, ΙΑΤΡ:

graft

innesto αρσ

a skin graft

un innesto di pelle

2. graft ΠΟΛΙΤ:

graft

tangenti θηλ pl

II. graft [græft] ΡΉΜΑ μεταβ a. ΒΟΤ, ΓΕΩΡΓ, ΙΑΤΡ

graft

innestare

III. graft [græft] ΡΉΜΑ αμετάβ ΠΟΛΙΤ

graft

estorcere

I. hard [hɑ:rd] ΕΠΊΘ

1. hard (firm, rigid, hostile, unkind):

hard

duro, -a

hard rule

severo, -a

hard fate

crudele

hard times

tempi duri

to have a hard time

attraversare un brutto periodo

to give sb a hard time

rendere le cose difficili a qu

to have hard luck

avere sfortuna

a hard heart

un cuore di pietra

to be hard on sb/sth

essere duro con qu/qc

2. hard (intense, concentrated):

to take a (good) hard look at sth

guardare bene qc

a hard fight

una lotta accanita

to be a hard worker

lavorare sodo

3. hard (forceful):

hard

forte

4. hard (difficult, complex):

hard

difficile

to be hard work for sb to do sth

essere duro per qu fare qc

to be hard to please

essere difficile da accontentare

to get hard

diventare difficile

a hard bargain

un affare poco vantaggioso

to learn the hard way μτφ

imparare a proprie spese

5. hard (severe):

hard

severo, -a

6. hard (extremely cold):

hard

rigido, -a

7. hard (solid):

hard evidence

inconfutabile

8. hard fact:

hard

innegabile

hard and fast information

informazioni certe

9. hard (with alcohol):

hard cider/punch

sidro/punch forte

10. hard ΧΗΜ:

hard water

duro, -a

II. hard [hɑ:rd] ΕΠΊΡΡ

1. hard (forcefully):

hard

con forza

to hit sb hard

colpire qu con forza

to press/pull hard

premere/tirare forte

2. hard (rigid):

frozen hard

ghiacciato, -a

3. hard (energetically, vigorously):

to fight hard μτφ

lottare duramente

to study/work hard

studiare/lavorare sodo

to try hard to do sth

sforzarsi di fare qc

he was hard at it

era tutto impegnato

think hard

concentrati

to die hard μτφ

essere duro a morire

4. hard (intently):

hard

intensamente

to look hard at sth

osservare intensamente qc

5. hard (closely):

hard

vicino

to be hard up

essere al verde

6. hard (heavy):

hard

forte

it rained hard

ha piovuto forte

to take sth hard

prendere male qc

I would be hard pressed to choose one

sarebbe duro per me sceglierne uno

Present

I	graft
you	graft
he/she/it	grafts
we	graft
you	graft
they	graft

Past

I	grafted
you	grafted
he/she/it	grafted
we	grafted
you	grafted
they	grafted

Present Perfect

I	have	grafted
you	have	grafted
he/she/it	has	grafted
we	have	grafted
you	have	grafted
they	have	grafted

Past Perfect

I	had	grafted
you	had	grafted
he/she/it	had	grafted
we	had	grafted
you	had	grafted
they	had	grafted

Μονόγλωσσα παραδείγματα (μη ελεγχόμενα από το λεξικογραφικό τμήμα)

We've had weeks of hard graft to get our new premises prepared for our requirements.

www.stuff.co.nz

It's a bit smelly, but that's the sweat of hard graft.

www.theweek.co.uk

There are hundreds of thousands out there doing hard graft in mines, farms and building sites all over the country with barely a complaint!

www.caradvice.com.au

By contrast, it is hard to imagine the physical and mental impact of such a level of strenuous concentration and sheer hard graft.

www.stuff.co.nz

Running/owning a business is hard graft comes with responsibility.

www.dorsetecho.co.uk