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- The collective term for the succession of explorers, soldiers and adventurers who, from the sixteenth century onward led the settlement and exploitation of Spain's Latin American colonies. Among the best known are Hernán Cortés (Mexico), Hernando de Soto (Florida, Nicaragua), the Pizarro brothers (Panama, Peru, Ecuador), Diego de Almagro (Peru, Chile) and Pedro de Valdivia (Chile).
- Generación del 27
- The name applied to the loose grouping of writers who became prominent in Spain in the late 1920s, 1927 being the third centennial of the death of the Golden Age poet Luis de Góngora. The best known among them are Federico García Lorca, Rafael Alberti, Gerardo Diego, Pedro Salinas, Dámaso Alonso, Jorge Guillén, Manuel Altolaguirre. Among the influences some or all of them shared were traditional poetic and musical forms, folk verse, flamenco, the cinema, surrealism. Many of them were politically active.
- Generación del 98
- A group of Spanish literary figures who wrote in response to the trauma caused to Spain by the loss in 1898 of its last colonies, Cuba, the Philippines and Puerto Rico. Faced with the end of Spain's imperial role, poets, novelists and essayists turned their attention to Spain itself, its landscapes, its people, its linguistic and cultural heritage. The best known members of the group are Antonio Machado, Miguel de Unamuno, Pío Baroja, Jacinto Benavente, Ramón del Valle-Inclán and Azorín.
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BOGOTÁ: Has morning and evening newspapers representing the major political parties. All are government controlled. Dailies include El Tiempo (www.eltiempo.com), El Espectador (www.elespectador.com), and La República.
BUENOS AIRES: Morning papers of long standing and of national importance are: La Prensa, La Nación (www.lanacion.com.ar), the country's oldest, The Buenos Aires Herald (www.buenosairesherald.com), The Standard, the oldest English-language newspaper, and Clarín (www.clarín.com), a morning daily. La Razón and La Crónica come out in the evening.
CARACAS: has a wide press service. The most important dailies are El Nacional (www.el-nacional.terra.com.ve), El Universal (www.eud.com), Últimas Noticias, La Religión, and La Verdad (www.laverdad.com), all appearing in the afternoon, and the evening newspapers El Meridiano, El Mundo, El Globo, and Extra. There is also an English-language daily, The Daily Journal.
HAVANA: Has three dailies. The best known is Granma(www.granma.cubaweb.cu), official newspaper of the Cuban Communist Party. Trabajadores is published by the Cuban trade union movement, and the more lively Juventud Rebelde is aimed at a younger readership.
LIMA: has a dozen daily newspapers. El Comercio (www.elcomercioperu.com), founded in 1939, is Peru's oldest newspaper. Ojo, a morning newspaper, has the largest circulation. El Peruano (www.editoraperu.com) is the official state gazette, and Expreso is the leading opposition daily.
MEXICO CITY: Has twenty dailies. The morning daily Excelsior (www.excelsior.com.mx), established in 1917, is often considered the nation's best and one of the most important newspapers of the Spanish-speaking world. La Jornada is another important daily, and there is an English-language daily, The News.
MONTEVIDEO: The British, who occupied the city in 1807, published the first newspaper in the capital, The Southern Star. The city has had newspapers ever since, representing the views of all political parties and factions.
SANTIAGO DE CHILE: There are almost a dozen newspapers. The most important dailies are El Mercurio (www.elmercurio.cl), founded in 1900, La Nación, and La Tercera (www.tercera.cl).
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