- fijaron o establecieron su residencia en León
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- Medieval charters setting out the privileges granted to an individual, a town or a territory. They included special fiscal concessions and exemptions from military duties to the Spanish king. Foral rights, were held, for example, by the cities of León and Burgos, by the former kingdom of Navarra, and by the Basque provinces. Each Spanish monarch traditionally went to Guernica to reaffirm the rights of the Basques.
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- Spain's literary renaissance, known as the Golden Age, roughly covers the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It includes the Italian-influenced poetry of figures such as Garcilaso de la Vega; the religious verse of Fray Luis de León, Santa Teresa de Ávila and San Juan de la Cruz; picaresque novels such as the anonymous Lazarillo de Tormes and Quevedo's Buscón; Miguel de Cervantes' immortal Don Quijote; the theater of Lope de Vega, and the ornate poetry of Luis de Góngora.
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- Spain has long been been a diverse country, made up of different kingdoms and territories with their own languages, political institutions and legal systems. Periods of central control and uniformity, such as the Franco era, nurtured nationalist and separatist feeling in the Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia. The 1978 Constitution changed Spain into a country consisting of 19 autonomous regions, known as comunidades autónomas or autonomías. These replaced the old regiones. Each of them has its own parliament and government, and its relationship with the central government is governed by an estatuto. Some have more autonomy than others.
The comunidades autónomas are: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, the Balearic Islands, the Basque Country , the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja, Valencia and the North African cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Estatuto/Estatut
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