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- A picaresque outlook on life, known in Latin America as viveza criolla, involves resorting to guile and trickery in order to get ahead or simply survive. In Spanish-speaking countries, this is often regarded as amusing or unavoidably necessary. This perspective results from the injustices often meted out by the rulers and law enforcers in these countries.
In literature, a novela picaresca is one that recounts the adventures of a pícaro, an appealing rogue. The sixteenth-century Spanish novel Lazarillo de Tormes is the earliest example.




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- The Reconquista was ended after eight centuries of Moorish occupation by the reconquest of the Kingdom of Granada. For eight centuries, the sole objective of the Christian rulers had been to drive the Arabs out of the Península Ibérica. Those Moors and Jews who wished to remain in Spain had to convert to the Christian faith.
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- The Reconquista was ended after eight centuries of Moorish occupation by the reconquest of the Kingdom of Granada. For eight centuries, the sole objective of the Christian rulers had been to drive the Arabs out of the Península Ibérica. Those Moors and Jews who wished to remain in Spain had to convert to the Christian faith.