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- A multi-party, pro-democracy coalition founded in Chile in 1988 to oppose the then president Augusto Pinochet. Its specific aim was to present a united front at the plebiscite on whether Pinochet should continue as president. Pinochet lost the plebiscite and since then it has facilitated Chile's peaceful transition to democracy after the years of dictatorship.
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- The current Spanish Constitution was approved in the Cortes Generales in December 1978. It describes Spain as a parliamentary monarchy, gives sovereign power to the people through universal suffrage, recognizes the plurality of religions, and transfers responsibility for defense from the armed forces to the government.
The Constitution was generally well received, except in the Basque Country, whose desire for independence it did not satisfy. It is considered to have facilitated the successful transition from dictatorship to democracy.
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- Founded in the twelfth century in the region of Lake Titicaca, the Andean empire of the Quechua-speaking Incas grew until, by the fifteenth century, it extended from southern Colombia in the north to Argentina and central Chile in the south. Their society was rigidly divided into classes: the nobility, their servants, and the common people. The Incas worshipped the sun and the moon, and believed that Manco Capac, their first emperor or inca, was descended from the sun. An extensive network of roads was built to facilitate control over the empire from its capital in Cuzco. The Incas left an impressive heritage of monuments, including the palace complex of Machu Picchu. The empire collapsed in 1533 when the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro had the emperor Atahualpa executed and occupied Cuzco.








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