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- In Mexican politics, a prospective party candidate for the presidency. Candidates traditionally emerge from within the party but their identity is not revealed until the candidate is officially declared: they remain tapados (hidden), thus arousing a great deal of speculation. Under the rule of the PRI - Partido Revolucionario Institucional its candidate was virtually guaranteed to become president.
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- A political movement, known officially as justicialismo, named for the populist politician Colonel Juan Domingo Perón, elected President of Argentina in 1946. An admirer of Italian fascism, Perón claimed always to be a champion of the workers and the poor, the descamisados (shirtless ones), to whom his first wife Eva Duarte ('Evita') became a kind of icon, especially after her death in 1952. Although he instituted some social reforms, Perón's regime proved increasingly repressive and he was ousted by the army in 1955. He returned from exile to become president in 1973, but died in office a year later. The Partido Justicialista has governed Argentina almost continuously since 1989, under Presidents Carlos Menem, Néstor Kirchner, and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Néstor Kirchner's widow, who was re-elected President in 2011.


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- Hispanoamérica is a generic term that includes all countries of Central and South America, where Spanish is (officially) spoken. There are nineteen states in total:Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Puerto Rico, República Dominicana, Uruguay and Venezuela. In contrast, the collective term Latinoamérica (or América Latina) applies to all those countries of Central and South America that were colonised by the Spaniards, Portugese and French.


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- Hispanoamérica is a generic term that includes all countries of Central and South America, where Spanish is (officially) spoken. There are nineteen states in total:Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Puerto Rico, República Dominicana, Uruguay and Venezuela. In contrast, the collective term Latinoamérica (or América Latina) applies to all those countries of Central and South America that were colonised by the Spaniards, Portugese and French.