

- patriottardo (patriottarda)
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- The Italian national flag: green, white, and red in vertical bands of equal width. It was created as the flag of the Cispadana republic in 1797 (modelled on the French flag), was used by the patriots during the Risorgimento, and from 1861 was the flag of the kingdom of Italy, with the coat of arms of the House of Savoy in the centre of the white band. The coat of arms was removed in 1946 when it became the flag of the Italian republic.
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- Since 1946 the Italian national anthem has been the Inno di Mameli, named after the writer of the lyrics, the poet and patriot Goffredo Mameli, who died at the age of 22 in 1849 while fighting with Garibaldi to defend the Roman republic. It is more commonly known as Fratelli d'Italia (Brothers of Italy) from its first lines: Fratelli d'Italia, / l'Italia s'è desta / dell'elmo di Scipio / s'è cinta la testa (Brothers of Italy, / Italy has arisen / with Scipio's helmet / binding her head). All Italians know the tune (written by choirmaster Michele Novaro, a friend of Mameli's), but very few know all the words by heart (5 verses in all).
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